ปลาเป็นสัตว์น้ำชนิดหนึ่ง ที่มีกระดูกสันหลัง ปลาจะหายใจโดยใช้เหงือก มีมาตั้งแต่ครั้งโบราณกาล ผ่านมาก็หลายยุคหลายสมัย มีวิวัฒนาการ และพัฒนาสายพันธุ์ของแต่ละเผ่าพันธุ์ต่อเนื่องสืบมาจนปัจจุบัน ที่เราๆ ท่านๆ เห็นกันอยู่ ปลาแต่ละชนิดนั้น มีเสน่ห์ความงามที่น่าดึงดูดใจ ทั้งสีสันหน้าตา รูปร่างลวดลายที่แตกต่างกันออกไป โดยที่มาและรายละเอียดของปลาแต่ละชนิด มีต้นกำเนิดและข้อมูลที่น่าค้นหามากมายเลยทีเดียว

คุณ รู้จัก “ปลา” ดีพอแล้วหรือยังครับ? ถ้ายัง.. นี่คือคำตอบ..

ก่อนที่คุณจะเลือก “ปลา” มาเลี้ยง ในฐานะของ “ปลาสวยงาม” ที่เลี้ยงไว้เพื่อดูเล่น เพื่อเป็นเพื่อน หรือด้วยเหตุผลต่างๆ นานา คุณควรทำความรู้จักกับ “ปลา” ให้ดีเสียก่อน ว่าปลาั้นั้นมีอวัยวะภายนอกอะไรบ้าง แต่ละส่วนมีหน้าที่อะไร และมีความสำคัญอย่างไร เพื่อจะได้ดูแลได้อย่างถูกต้อง และเป็นเหตุผลหนึ่งในการเลือกซื้อปลาแต่ละตัว

1. ดวงตาปลา

อวัยวะนี้ถือว่าสำคัญอย่างหลีกเลี่ยงไม่ได้ทีเดียวครับ ปลาแต่ละตัวต้องมีดวงตา และเป็นดวงตาที่พัฒนาตนเองให้สามารถมองเห็นในน้ำได้ดีขึ้น เรื่อยๆ ตามการผ่านเลยไปของกาลเวลา

2. จมูกของปลา

มาถึงตรงนี้อาจจะสงสัย ปลามีจมูกด้วยหรือ? คำตอบคือ โดยปกติ ปลาจะมีจมูก แต่ไม่ได้มีไว้สำหรับหายใจครับ แต่มีไว้เพื่อรับรู้ถึงกลิ่นนั่นเอง โดยจะมี 1-2 รูต่อปลาหนึ่งตัว อันนี้ก็ขึ้นอยู่กับปลาแต่ละชนิด

3. ปากของปลา

คงไม่ได้มีไว้ทำการอื่นใด หากไม่ใช่กินอาหาร โดยปากของปลาแต่ละชนิดก็จะแตกต่างกันไป

4. ครีบปลา

ประกอบไปด้วย ครีบเดี่ยว และ ครีบคู่ ดังนี้

ครีบเดี่ยว ได้แก่

* ครีบหลัง อยู่ด้านบนสุดของตัวปลา มีหน้าที่สำคัญก็คือช่วยในการว่ายน้ำนั่นเอง ครีบหลังนี้มีได้ทั้งอ่อน และแข็งครับ

* ครีบหาง ไว้ปรับบังคับทิศทางในการว่ายน้ำ เหมือนหางเสือเรือ

* ครีบทวาร อยู่ด้านล่าง ถัดขึ้นมาจากครีบหาง ช่วยในการทรงตัว และทำหน้าที่สำคัฐในการสืบพันธุ์ครับ

* ครีบไขมัน เป็นครีบปลาที่มีขนาดเล็กมาก อยู่ด้านบนของตัวปลา ใกล้กับโคนหางของปลา จะช่วยพยุงส่วนบนระหว่างครีบหลังและครีบหาง

ครีบคู่ ได้แก่

* ครีบอก อยู่บริเวณกระพุ้งแก้มของปลา หรือบางคนอาจจะเรียกว่า ครีบหู นะครับ ครีบนี้จะช่วยในการว่ายน้ำครับ

* ครีบท้อง จะอยู่ระหว่างครีบทวารและครีบอก ช่วยในการทรงตัว และการว่ายไปทิศทางต่างๆ ของปลาครับ

5. เกล็ดปลา

ทำหน้าที่ป้องกันอันตรายจากสิ่งที่จะมากระทบที่ตัวปลา และแรงเสียดสีต่างๆ ครับ แต่ปลาบางชนิด ก็ไม่มีเกล็ด

6. เส้นข้างตัว

อย่าคิดว่าไม่สำคัญ เพราะเส้นข้างตัวนี้ รับรู้เกี่ยวกับความสั่นไหวของน้ำเชียวนะครับ

7. หนวดปลา

อยู่ติดกับปากปลา ใช้ในการรับรส หาอาหาร แต่ทั้งนี้ ปลาบางชนิด ก็ไม่มีหนวดครับ

8. รูทวารปลา

อยู่ติดกับครีบทวารปลา ใช้ขับของเสียออกมาจากร่างกายของปลา และปลาบางชนิด ยังใช้รูทวารในการผสมพันธุ์อีกด้วย

คราวนี้ คุณคงพูดได้แล้วว่า.. คุณรู้จัก  “ปลา” ดีพอ ในระดับหนึ่ง !

ลักษณะโดยทั่วไป (General Appearance)

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ (Size, Proportion, Substance)

หัว (Head)

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

ส่วนหน้า (Forequarters)

ส่วนหลัง (Hindquarters)

ขน (Coat)

สี (Color)

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

ลักษณะนิสัย (Temperament)

กลุ่มสุนัขพันธุ์ไทย (Thai Group)
มาตรฐานของพันธุ์ (Breed Standard)

ลักษณะโดยทั่วไป (General Appearance)

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ (Size, Proportion, Substance)

หัว (Head)

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

ส่วนหน้า (Forequarters)

ส่วนหลัง (Hindquarters)

ขน (Coat)

สี (Color)

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

ลักษณะนิสัย (Temperament)

ลักษณะโดยทั่วไป (General Appearance)

History

The Toy Fox Terrier is a true American Breed developed by breeding small Smooth Fox Terriers with several toy breeds including the Chihuahua and Manchester Terrier. Today, the Toy Fox Terrier is a well-balanced toy dog of athletic appearance displaying grace and agility in equal measure with strength and stamina. From the hunt to the show ring, the Toy Fox Terrier has become a cherished companion dog and excellent show piece. The Toy Fox Terrier has shown that he is at home in conformation, obedience and agility trials, his favorite spotlight is the center stage of his owner’s life.

The Toy Fox Terrier is a toy and a terrier, and both have influenced his personality and character. While retaining the terrier gameness, courage and animation. The cross-breeding with various toy breeds mentioned created a milder disposition. Although easier to live with than many terriers, the Toy Fox Terrier is still a working terrier, and many of them delight in hunting and going to ground. Given the opportunity, the Toy Fox Terrier will pursue the quarry of the backyard or barnyard with diligence. Known to tree squirrels and flush out rodents, the hunt is always welcome. Flyball or fetch are easily learned and perfected for endless hours of activity. However, if you enjoy a lap dog, this little companion appears to know the latest in television entertainment of his household. Children especially enjoy the unending energy and zeal for play throughout this dog’s life.

General Appearance

The Toy Fox Terrier is truly a toy and a terrier and both have influenced his personality and character. As a terrier, the Toy Fox Terrier possesses keen intelligence, courage, and animation. As a toy his is diminutive, and devoted with an endless abiding love for his master. The Toy Fox Terrier is a well-balanced Toy dog of athletic appearance displaying grace and agility in equal measure with strength and stamina. His lithe muscular body has a smooth elegant outline which conveys the impression of effortless movement and endless endurance. He is naturally well groomed, proud, animated, and alert. Characteristic traits are his elegant head, his short glossy and predominantly white coat, coupled with a predominantly solid head, and his short high-set tail.

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ (Size, Proportion, Substance)

Size: 8.5 – 11.5 inches, 9 -11 preferred, 8.5 – 11.5 acceptable. Proportion: The Toy Fox Terrier is square in proportion, with height being approximately equal to length; with height measured from withers to ground and length measured from point of shoulder to buttocks. Slightly longer in bitches is acceptable. Substance: Bone must be strong, but not excessive and always in proportion to size. Overall balance is important. Disqualification: Any dog under 8.5 inches and over 11.5 inches.

หัว (Head)

The head is elegant, balanced and expressive with no indication of coarseness. Expression is intelligent, alert, eager and full of interest. Eyes: clear, bright and dark, including eye-rims, with the exception of chocolates whose eye-rims should be self-colored. The eyes are full, round and somewhat prominent, yet never bulging, with a soft intelligent expression. They are set well apart, not slanted, and fit well together into the sockets. Ears: The ears are erect, pointed, inverted V-shaped, set high and close together, but never touching. The size is in proportion to the head and body. Disqualification: Ears not erect on any dog over six months of age. Skull: is moderate in width, slightly rounded and softly wedge shaped. Medium stop, somewhat sloping. When viewed from the front, the head widens gradually from the nose to the base of the ears. The distance from the nose to the stop is equal to the distance from the stop to the occiput. The cheeks are flat and muscular, with the area below the eyes well filled in. Faults: Apple head. Muzzle: Strong rather than fine, in proportion to the head as a whole and parallel to the top of the skull. Nose: Black only with the exception of self-colored in chocolate dogs. Disqualification: Dudley nose. Lips: are small and tight fitting. Bite: a full complement of strong white teeth meeting in a scissors bite is preferred. Loss of teeth should not be faulted as long as the bite can be determined as correct. Disqualification: Undershot, wry mouth, overshot more than 1/8 inch.

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

The neck is carried proudly erect, well set on, slightly arched, gracefully curved, clean, muscular and free from throatiness. It is proportioned to the head and body and widens gradually blending smoothly into the shoulders. The length of the neck is approximately the same as that of the head. The topline is level when standing and gaiting. The body is balanced and tapers slightly from ribs to flank. The chest is deep and muscular with well sprung ribs. Depth of chest extends to the point of elbow. The back is straight, level, and muscular. Short and strong in loin with moderate tuck-up to denote grace and elegance. The croup is level with topline and well-rounded. The tail is set high, held erect and in proportion to the size of the dog. Docked to the 3rd or 4th joint.

ส่วนหน้า (Forequarters)

Forequarters are well angulated. The shoulder is firmly set and has adequate muscle, but is not overdeveloped. The shoulders are sloping and well laid back, blending smoothly from neck to back. The forechest is well developed. The elbows are close and perpendicular to the body. The legs are parallel and straight to the pasterns which are strong and straight while remaining flexible. Feet are small and oval, pointing forward turning neither in nor out. Toes are strong, well-arched and closely knit with deep pads.

ส่วนหลัง (Hindquarters)

Hindquarters are well angulated, strong and muscular. The upper and lower thighs are strong, well muscled and of good length. The stifles are clearly defined and well angulated. Hock joints are well let down and firm. The rear pasterns are straight. The legs are parallel from the rear and turn neither in nor out. Dewclaws should be removed from hindquarters if present.

ขน (Coat)

The coat is shiny, satiny, fine in texture and smooth to the touch. It is slightly longer in the ruff, uniformly covering the body.

สี (Color)

Tri-Color: Predominately black head with sharply defined tan markings on cheeks, lips and eye dots. Body is over fifty-percent white, with or without black body spots. White, Chocolate and Tan: Predominately chocolate head with sharply defined tan markings on cheeks, lips and eye dots. Body is over fifty-percent white, with or without chocolate body spots. White and Tan: Predominately tan head. Body is over fifty-percent white, with or without tan body spots. White and Black: Predominately black head. Body is over fifty-percent white with or without black body spots. Color should be rich and clear. Blazes are acceptable, but may not touch the eyes or ears. Clear white is preferred, but a small amount of ticking is not to be penalized. Faults: Color, other than ticking, that extends below the elbow or the hock. Disqualifications: A blaze extending into the eyes or ears. Any color combination not stated above. Any dog whose head is more than fifty-percent white. Any dog whose body is not more than fifty-percent white. Any dog whose head and body spots are of different colors.

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

Movement is smooth and flowing with good reach and strong drive. The topline should remain straight and head and tail carriage erect while gaiting. Fault: Hackney gait.

ลักษณะนิสัย (Temperament)

The Toy Fox Terrier is intelligent, alert and friendly, and loyal to its owners. He learns new tasks quickly, is eager to please, and adapts to almost any situation. The Toy Fox Terrier, like other terriers, is self-possessed, spirited, determined and not easily intimidated. He is a highly animated toy dog that is comical, entertaining and playful all of his life. Any individuals lacking good terrier attitude and personality are to be faulted.

Disqualifications:
Any dog under 8.5 inches or over 11.5 inches.
Ears not erect on any dog over six months of age.
Dudley nose.
Undershot, wry mouth, overshot more than 1/8 inch.
A blaze extending into the eye or ears.
Any color combination not stated above.
Any dog whose head is more than fifty percent white.
Any dog whose body is not more than fifty percent white.
Any dog whose head and body are of different colors.

ลักษณะโดยทั่วไป (General Appearance)

HISTORY

The German Pinscher originated in Germany and is included in origins of the Doberman, Miniature Pinscher and other Pinscher types. However, the German Pinscher has always been more closely associated with the Standard Schnauzer. In fact, it is thought the Standard Schnauzer was originally referred to as the Wire Haired Pinscher. The Wire Haired and Smooth Haired Pinschers or the modern day German Pinscher and Standard Schnauzer are shown in books as early as 1884.

It was officially designated a distinct breed in Germany where the first Pinscher Club was formed. At the time the short coat was the main emphasis and coloration varied. The breed came close to extinction as a result of World War I and World War II. Werner Jung is credited with saving the breed in 1958 using a German Pinscher bitch that was fortunate enough to get pas East Germany’s iron curtain.

A working dog, German Pinschers are known for their vermin hunting skills and instinctual desire to protect home and family. The German Pinscher’s natural hunting abilities give them a keen sense of prey drive and determination. The German Pinscher is of strong will and mind and can be manipulative and stubborn when they want their own way. They are territorial and can be quite possessive of their owners and property. Highly intelligent with expressive animation the German Pinscher commands attention as it conveys the impression that this dog is ready to go to work and learn the desired task at hand. Willing learners, they make wonderful multipurpose companions with firm but gentle and consistent discipline. German Pinschers are high-energy that enjoy adventure in any form.

GENERAL APPEARANCE

The German Pinscher is a medium size, short coated dog, elegant in appearance with a strong square build and moderate body structure, muscular and powerful for endurance and agility. Energetic, watchful, alert, agile, fearless, determined, intelligent and loyal, the German Pinscher has the prerequisites to be an excellent watchdog and companion. The German Pinscher is examined on the ground.

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ (Size, Proportion, Substance)

Size- the ideal height at he highest point of the withers for a dog or bitch is 17 – 20 inches. Size should be penalized in accordance with the degree it deviates from the ideal. Quality should always take precedence over size. Faults- under 17 inches or over 20 inches. Proportion- squarely built in proportion of body length to height. The height at the highest point of the withers equals the length of the body from the point of the shoulder to the rump. Substance- muscular with moderate bone.

หัว (Head)

Powerful, elongated without the occiput being too pronounced and resembles a blunt wedge in both frontal and profile views. The total length of the head from the tip of the nose to the occiput is one half the length from the withers to the base of the tail resulting in a ration of approximately 1:2. Expression- sharp, alert and responsive. Eyes- medium size, dark, oval in shape without the appearance of bulging. The eyelid is tight and the eyeball non-protruding. Ears- set high, symmetrical, and carried erect when cropped. If uncropped, they are V-shaped with a folding pleat, or small standing ears carried evenly upright. Skull- flat, unwrinkled from occiput to stop. The stop is slight but distinct. Muzzle- parallel and equal in length to the topskull and ends in a blunt wedge. The cheeks are muscled and flat. Nose- full and black. Lips- black, close fitting. Bite- strong, scissors bite with complete dentition and white teeth. Faults- overshot or undershot bites, absence of primary molars.

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

Neck- elegant and strong, of moderate thickness and length, nape elegantly arched. The skin is tight, closely fitting to the dry throat without wrinkles, sagging, or dewlaps. Topline- is not perfectly level when standing naturally, but should have a slight descending slope from the top of the wither to the start of the back, with a very slight rise over the well-muscled loin to the faintly curved croup. Back- short and close coupled. Faults- long back not giving the appearance of squarely built, roach back and sway back. Body- compact, strong, short coupled so as to permit greater flexibility and agility. Loin- the distance between the last rib to the haunch is short, giving the dog a compact, short coupled appearance. Chest- moderately wide with well-sprung ribs, and if could be seen in cross-section would be oval. The breastbone is prominently constructed through the forechest and extends over the height of the point of shoulder. The brisket descends to the elbows and ascends gradually to the rear with the belly moderately drawn up. Fault- excessive tuck up. Tail- moderately set and carried above the horizontal. Customarily docked between the second and third joints.

ส่วนหน้า (Forequarters)

The slopping shoulder blades are strongly muscled, yet flat and well laid back. They are well angled and slope forward to the point they join the upper arm. Such angulation permits the maximum forward extension of the forelegs without binding or effort. Forelegs- straight and well boned, perfectly vertical when viewed from all sides, set moderately apart with elbows set close to the body. Dewclaws on the forelegs may be removed. Pasterns- firm and almost perpendicular to the ground. Feet- short, round, compact with firm dark pads and dark nails. The toes well closed and arched like cat feet.

ส่วนหลัง (Hindquarters)

The thighs are strongly muscled and in balance with forequarters. The hocks are well bent and well boned, with good angulation. When viewed from the rear, the hocks are parallel to each other.

ขน (Coat)

Short and dense, smooth and close lying. Shiny and covers the body without bald spots. A hard coat should not be penalized.

สี (Color)

Isabella (fawn), to red in various shades to stag red (red with intermingling of black hairs), black and blues with red/tan markings. In the reds, a rich vibrant medium to dark shade is preferred. In bi-colored dogs, sharply marked dark and rich red/tan markings are desirable. Markings distributed as follows; at cheeks, lops, lower jaw, above eyes, at throat, on forechest as two triangles distinctly separated from each other, at metatarus or pasterns, forelegs, feet, inner side of hind legs and vent region. Pencil marks on the toes are acceptable. Any white markings on the dog are undesirable. A few white hairs do not constitute a marking.

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

Strong, free, well-balanced gait, with good reach in front and strong drive behind. At the trot the back remains firm and level, without swaying, rolling, or roaching. When viewed from the rear, the feet, though they may appear to travel close, must not cross or strike each other. Fault- hackney gait.

ลักษณะนิสัย (Temperament)

The German Pinscher has highly developed senses, intelligence, aptitude for training, fearlessness, endurance and resistance to illness. He is alert, vigilant, deliberate and watchful of strangers. He has fearless courage and tenacity if threatened. A very vivacious dog but not an excessive barker. He should not show viciousness by unwarranted of unprovoked attack. Note- Great consideration should be given to a dog giving the desired alert, highly intelligent, vivacious character of the German Pinscher. Aggressive behavior toward another dog is not deemed viciousness. Faults- shy.
The foregoing description is that of the ideal German Pinscher. Any deviation from this is to be penalized to the extent of the deviation.

ประวัติและลักษณะโดยทั่วไป (History and General Appearance)

ประวัติ

In Germany, where the hunter’s honor code demands that all game wounded or killed must be found, the Hanoverian Schweisshund (bloodhound) is respected for its ability to locate a wounded animal even though the trail is a week or more old. A brindle or red big game tracker, developed by crossing an ancient, huge, trailing hound much like the St. Hubert with a lighter and faster hound, The Hanoverian is still a favorite with German gamekeepers.

In 1750, two young brothers left Germany and emigrated to America with three brindle and two buckskin Hanoverian Hounds. One boy died on the way but the other, sixteen year old Johannes Georg Plott, settled in Bute County, North Carolina and later in Lincoln County. He Anglicized his name to George, built a home, married, raised his family and bred his dogs. His son, Henry, continued the breeding program and for the next seven generations (over 200 years), the Plott’s were mountain men who bred the family dogs and used them to hunt bear, and from the 1930′s on, occasionally boar. As Plott men built homes and raised families all over the Smoky Mountains, their dogs became known by their family name and were referred to as the Plott’s hounds. During that time hounds of similar breeding and type were raised by other mountain families and were likewise called by their owner’s family name.

After many generations, the Plott Hounds needed an outcross. A Plott breeder named Gola Ferguson carefully choose another well respected family hound, the tan, black saddled Blevins, and made the cross. Two of the resulting progeny were so exceptional that when Ferguson bred them back to his pure Plot family even used these dogs in their breeding program and, because of this cross, some brindle Plott hounds have a black saddle.

As the fame of the Plott Hounds spread, coon hunters began to take an interest in those with treeing instinct. Because there are many more coonhunters in our country than there are bear and boar hunters, the Plott came to be classified as a coonhound. Even so, the Plott’s traditional work is to track and bring to bay or tree big game such as bear, boar, and mountain lion and many Plotts today are still performing their original function.

Capable of speedily traversing diverse types of terrain and water in all seasons, the Plott is a bold, aggressive trailer with an open, unrestricted voice. Plott “music” is distinguished by a loud, ringing chop on the track and the tree, although bawl or squall trailing mouths are also acceptable.

The Plott may have an identification mark on the rump used to identify the dog when out hunting. Such a mark is not to be penalized when evaluating the dog.

General Appearance

A hunting hound of striking color that traditionally brings big game to bay or tree, the Plott Hound is intelligent, alert and confident. Noted for stamina, endurance, agility, determination and aggressiveness when hunting, the powerful, well muscled, yet streamlined Plott combines courage with athletic ability.

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ (Size, Proportion, Substance)

Size–Height–Males–20 to 25 inches at the withers. Females 20 to 23 inches at the withers. Proportion–General conformation and height in proportion. Faults: Extremely leggy or close to the ground. Weight–(in hunting condition) Males– 50 to 60 pounds. Females 40 to 55 pounds. Substance–Moderately boned. Strong, yet quick and agile. Faults: Overdone. Carrying too much weight and or to much bone to display speed and dexterity.

หัว (Head)

Head–Carried well up with skin fitting moderately tight. Faults: Folds, dewlap, skin stretched too tightly. Expression–Confident, inquisitive, determined. Fault: Sad expression. Eyes–Brown or hazel, prominent rather than deeply set. Faults: Drooping eyelids, red haw. Ears–Medium length, soft textured, fairly broad, set moderately high to high. Hanging gracefully with the inside part rolling forward toward the muzzle. Ear spread in males–18 to 20 inches. Ear spread in females–17 to 19 inches. When attentive or inquisitive, some Plotts display a semi-erectile power in their ears and lift them enough so a noticeable crease occurs on line with the crown. Disqualification: Length of ear extending beyond the tip of the nose or hanging bloodhound-like, in long, pendulous fashion. Skull–Moderately flat. Rounded at the crown with sufficient width between and above the eyes. Faults: Narrow-headed, square, oval or excessively domed. Muzzle–Moderate length, flews give it a squarish appearance. Faults: Bluntly squared. Pointed. Pigmentation–Eye rims, lips and nose are black. Flews–Black. Fault: Pendulous flews. Bite–Teeth-Scissors. Fault: Overshot or undershot.

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

Neck–Medium length and muscular. Clean and free of ponderous dewlap. Fault: Loose, wrinkled or folded skin. Topline–Gently sloping, slightly higher at the withers than at the hips. Fault: Roached. Body-Chest–Deep. Ribs–Deep, moderately wide, well sprung. Back–Well muscled, strong, level. Loin–Slightly arched. Tail–Root is slightly below level of topline. Rather long, carried free, well up, saber like. Moderately heavy in appearance and strongly tapered. Sometimes typified by a slight brush.

ส่วนหน้า (Forequarters)

Shoulders–Clean, muscular and sloping, indicating speed and strength. Elbow–Squarely set. Forelegs–Straight, smooth, well muscled. Pasterns–Strong and erect. Feet–Firm, tight, wellpadded and knuckled, with strong toes. Set directly under the leg. Disqualification–Splayed feet. Nails–Usually black, although shades of reddish brown matching the brindle body color are permissible and buckskin colored dogs have light red nails. May be white when portions of the feet are white.

ส่วนหลัง (Hindquarters)

Angulation–Well bent at stifles and at the hocks. Hips–Smooth, round, and proportionally wide, indicating efficient propulsion. Legs–Long and muscular from hip to hock. From hock to pad short, strong and at right angles to the ground. Upper and second thigh–Powerful and well-muscled. Feet–Set back from under the body. Firm and tight. Toes–Strong.

ขน (Coat)

Smooth, fine, glossy, but thick enough to provide protection from wind and water. rare specimens are double coated, with a short, soft, thick inner coat concealed by a longer, smoother and stiffer outer coat.

สี (Color)

Any shade of brindle (a streaked or striped pattern of dark hair imposed on a lighter background) is preferred. This includes the following brindle factors: yellow, buckskin, tan, brown, chocolate, liver, orange, red, light or dark gray, blue or Maltese, dilute black, and black. Other acceptable Plott colors are solid black, any shade of brindle, with black saddle, and black with brindle trim. A rare buckskin, devoid of any brindle, sometimes appears among litters; ranging from red fawn, sandy red, light cream, and yellow ochre, to dark fawn and golden tan. Some white on chest and feet is permissible as is a graying effect around the jaws and muzzle.

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

Dexterous and graceful, rhythmic footfall. With ample reach in front and drive behind, the Plott easily traverses various terrains with agility and speed. Legs converge to single track at speed.

ลักษณะนิสัย (Temperament)

Eager to please, loyal, intelligent, alert. Aggressive, bold, and fearless hunter. Disposition generally even, but varies among strains, with a distinction sometimes appearing between those bred for big game and those bred as coonhounds.

Disqualifications:
Length of ear extending beyond the tip of the nose or hanging bloodhound-like, in long, pendulous fashion. Splayed feet.

ลักษณะโดยทั่วไป (General Appearance)

Medium-sized, cobby, strong with a long, thick coat and hanging hair that covers the eyes. The PON’s herding and working ability is attributed to an intense desire to please. The PON is lively but self-controlled, clever and perceptive and is endowed with an excellent memory.

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ (Size, Proportion, Substance)

Well-balanced, heavy-boned. Adult height, measured at the withers, is 18 to 20 inches for a dog, 17 to 19 inches for a bitch. It is not desirable to diminish the size below the ideal range, thereby making the dog too delicate for a working breed. In proportion, the PON is rectangular rather than square. The height-to-length ratio, from withers to tail, is 9:10. Fault: Long legs.

หัว (Head)

The medium-sized head is in proportion to the body. The profuse hair on the forehead, cheeks and chin make the head to appear larger than it actually is. Expression should be lively with a penetrating gaze. Eyes are of medium size and oval. Fault: Protruding eyes. Colors are brown or hazel. The edges of the lids are as dark as possible within the coat color. Ears are heart-shaped, drop, and set moderately high. Fault: Ears set too high. they are medium size in proportion to the head and should be fully covered with long hair. Skull is moderately broad and slightly domed. The forehead furrow and occiput are apparent. The stop has a pronounced indentation, but never as pronounced as a round-skull breed. Fault: A round head, apple shaped head. The ratio of muzzle to skull is 1:1. The topline of the muzzle is straight. The jaws are strong. Teeth, a full compliment of strong white teeth meet in a scissors or level bite. Nose should be large and black or brown, depending on the coat color. A pink nose or a nose partially lacking pigment should be penalized.

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

Neck is muscular and strong. It is broad, without dewlap and held horizontally when moving. Faults: Neck held too high or too narrow. The back should be neither too long or too short for proper balance and movement. Withers are well pronounced and broad. The chest is deep and broad. The topline is level. The loin is well muscled and broad. The croup is slightly cut, but only to a small degree. The belly is slightly drawn up. Tail should be short, set low and no longer than two vertebrae. It should not change the shape of the body. Tails are docked on puppies born with long or partial tails.

ส่วนหน้า (Forequarters)

The shoulders are heavily muscled, and well laid back at an angle of approximately 45?. A line drawn from the highest point of the shoulder blade to the forward point of articulation approximates a right angle with a line from the forward point of articulation to the point of the elbow. The legs are straight and vertical, with heavy bone. The pasterns are flexible without weakness. The feet are oval, thick and compact, with the front feet larger than the rear feet.

ส่วนหลัง (Hindquarters)

Large, heavily boned, and well muscled. Hocks are parallel when viewed from the rear. Fault: Cowhocks. Feet are oval with tight lightly arched toes. Pads are hard. Nails are dark.

ขน (Coat)

It is doubled coated. The entire body is covered with a long, dense, shaggy, thick coat that is reasonably straight. The undercoat is soft and dense. Characteristically, long hanging hair covers the eyes. A slight wavy coat is acceptable. Faults: A curly coat, lack of undercoat and short coats. The Polish Lowland Sheepdog must be shown naturally — no scissoring is allowed.

สี (Color)

All coat colors are acceptable. The most common colors are white with either black, gray or sandy patches and gray with white, or chocolate. Most carry a dominant fading factor genetically, which results in puppies being born darker in coat color than they will appears as adults, with the exception of those puppies born white.

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

The gait is fluid motion. He is often an ambler. With the correct shoulder angulation, he is capable of swinging his front legs forward with great reach of stride, extending out before his body in a long flat arch. The stride propels the body forward, rather than upward, with less fatigue. When viewed from the front, the legs should move parallel from the elbows to the pasterns. Toeing in is considered natural. Fault: Toeing out. The greatest source of his forward drive is derived from good rear angulation. When viewed from behind, the back legs should be parallel to each other and not too close. Fault: Close rear movement.

ลักษณะนิสัย (Temperament)

He is stable and self confident. He needs a dominant master and consistent training from the time he is very young. If this is not provided, he will tend to dominate the master. When not used as a herding or working dog, he can be a magnificent companion as he seems to fit into any type of lifestyle. He is extremely loyal, but somewhat aloof and suspicious of strangers. Faults: Nervous, cowardly, or extreme vicious behavior.

กลุ่มทอย (Toy Group)
มาตรฐานของพันธุ์ (Breed Standard)

ลักษณะโดยทั่วไป (General Appearance)

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ (Size, Proportion, Substance)

หัว (Head)

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

ส่วนหน้า (Forequarters)

ส่วนหลัง (Hindquarters)

ขน (Coat)

สี (Color)

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

ลักษณะนิสัย (Temperament)

ลักษณะโดยทั่วไป (General Appearance)

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ(Size, Proportion, Substance)

หัว (Head)

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

ส่วนหน้า (Forequarters)

ส่วนหลัง (Hindquarters)

ขน (Coat)

สี (Color)

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

ลักษณะนิสัย (Temperament)

กลุ่มทอย (Toy Group)
มาตรฐานของพันธุ์ (Breed Standard)

ลักษณะโดยทั่วไป (General Appearance)

The Shih Tzu is a sturdy, lively, alert toy dog with long flowing double coat. Befitting his noble Chinese ancestry as a highly valued, prized companion and palace pet, the Shih Tzu is proud of bearing, has a distinctively arrogant carriage with head well up and tail curved over the back. Although there has always been considerable size variation, the Shih Tzu must be compact, solid, carrying good weight and substance.

Even though a toy dog, the Shih Tzu must be subject to the same requirements of soundness and structure prescribed for all breeds, and any deviation from the ideal described in the standard should be penalized to the extent of the deviation. Structural faults common to all breeds are as undesirable in the Shih Tzu as in any other breed, regardless of whether or not such faults are specifically mentioned in the standard.

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ (Size, Proportion, Substance)

Size Ideally, height at withers is 9 to 101/2 inches; but, not less than 8 inches nor more than 11 inches. Ideally, weight of mature dogs, 9 to 16 pounds. Proportion Length between withers and root of tail is slightly longer than height at withers. The Shih Tzu must never be so high stationed as to appear leggy, nor so low stationed as to appear dumpy or squatty. Substance Regardless of size, the Shih Tzu is always compact, solid and carries good weight and substance.

หัว (Head)

Head Round, broad, wide between eyes, its size in balance with the overall size of dog being neither too large nor too small. Fault: Narrow head, close-set eyes. Expression Warm, sweet, wide-eyed, friendly and trusting. An overall well-balanced and pleasant expression supersedes the importance of individual parts. Care should be taken to look and examine well beyond the hair to determine if what is seen is the actual head and expression rather than an image created by grooming technique. Eyes Large, round, not prominent, placed well apart, looking straight ahead. Very dark. Lighter on liver pigmented dogs and blue pigmented dogs. Fault: Small, close-set or light eyes; excessive eye white. Ears Large, set slightly below crown of skull; heavily coated. Skull Domed. Stop There is a definite stop. Muzzle Square, short, unwrinkled, with good cushioning, set no lower than bottom eye rim; never downturned. Ideally, no longer than 1 inch from tip of nose to stop, although length may vary slightly in relation to overall size of dog. Front of muzzle should be flat; lower lip and chin not protruding and definitely never receding. Fault: Snipiness, lack of definite stop. Nose Nostrils are broad, wide, and open. Pigmentation Nose, lips, eye rims are black on all colors, except liver on liver pigmented dogs and blue on blue pigmented dogs. Fault: Pink on nose, lips, or eye rims. Bite Undershot. Jaw is broad and wide. A missing tooth or slightly misaligned teeth should not be too severely penalized. Teeth and tongue should not show when mouth is closed. Fault: Overshot bite.

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

Of utmost importance is an overall well-balanced dog with no exaggerated features. Neck Well set-on flowing smoothly into shoulders; of sufficient length to permit natural high head carriage and in balance with height and length of dog. Topline Level. Body Short-coupled and sturdy with no waist or tuck-up. The Shih Tzu is slightly longer than tall. Fault: Legginess. Chest Broad and deep with good spring-of-rib, however, not barrel-chested. Depth of ribcage should extend to just below elbow. Distance from elbow to withers is a little greater than from elbow to ground. Croup Flat. Tail Set on high, heavily plumed, carried in curve well over back. Too loose, too tight, too flat, or too low set a tail is undesirable and should be penalized to extent of deviation.

ส่วนหน้า (Forequarters)

Shoulders Well-angulated, well laid-back, well laid-in, fitting smoothly into body. Legs Straight, well-boned, muscular, set well-apart and under chest, with elbows set close to body. Pasterns Strong, perpendicular. Dewclaws May be removed. Feet Firm, well-padded, point straight ahead.

ส่วนหลัง (Hindquarters)

Angulation of hindquarters should be in balance with forequarters. Legs Well-boned, muscular, and straight when viewed from rear with well-bent stifles, not close set but in line with forequarters. Hocks Well let down, perpendicular. Fault: Hyperextension of hocks. Dewclaws May be removed. Feet Firm, well-padded, point straight ahead.

ขน (Coat)

Coat Luxurious, double-coated, dense, long, and flowing. Slight wave permissible. Hair on top of head is tied up. Fault: Sparse coat, single coat, curly coat. Trimming Feet, bottom of coat, and anus may be done for neatness and to facilitate movement. Fault: Excessive trimming.

สี (Color)

All are permissible and to be considered equally.

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

The Shih Tzu moves straight and must be shown at its own natural speed, neither raced nor strung-up, to evaluate its smooth, flowing, effortless movement with good front reach and equally strong rear drive, level topline, naturally high head carriage, and tail carried in gentle curve over back.

ลักษณะนิสัย (Temperament)

As the sole purpose of the Shih Tzu is that of a companion and house pet, it is essential that its temperament be outgoing, happy, affectionate, friendly and trusting towards all.

ลักษณะโดยทั่วไป (General Appearance)

Symmetry and general appearance are decidedly square and cobby. A lean, leggy Pug and a dog with short legs and a long body are equally objectionable.

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ(Size, Proportion, Substance)

The Pug should be multum in parvo, and this condensation (if the word may be used) is shown by compactness of form, well knit proportions, and hardness of developed muscle. Weight from 14 to 18 pounds (dog or bitch) desirable. Proportion square.

หัว (Head)

The head is large, massive, round-not apple-headed, with no indentation of the skull. The eyes are dark in color, very large, bold and prominent, globular in shape, soft and solicitous in expression, very lustrous, and, when excited, full of fire. The ears are thin, small, soft, like black velvet. There are two kinds-the “rose” and the “button.” Preference is given to the latter. The wrinkles are large and deep. The muzzle is short, blunt, square, but not upfaced. Bite-A Pug’s bite should be very slightly undershot.

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

The neck is slightly arched. It is strong, thick, and with enough length to carry the head proudly. The short back is level from the withers to the high tail set. The body is short and cobby, wide in chest and well ribbed up. The tail is curled as tightly as possible over the hip. The double curl is perfection.

ส่วนหน้า (Forequarters)

The legs are very strong, straight, of moderate length, and are set well under. The elbows should be directly under the withers when viewed from the side. The shoulders are moderately laid back. The pasterns are strong, neither steep nor down. The feet are neither so long as the foot of the hare, nor so round as that of the cat; well split-up toes, and the nails black. Dewclaws are generally removed.

ส่วนหลัง (Hindquarters)

The strong, powerful hindquarters have moderate bend of stifle and short hocks perpendicular to the ground. The legs are parallel when viewed from behind. The hindquarters are in balance with the forequarters. The thighs and buttocks are full and muscular. Feet as in front.

ขน (Coat)

The coat is fine, smooth, soft, short and glossy, neither hard nor woolly.

สี (Color)

The colors are silver, apricot-fawn, or black. The silver or apricot-fawn colors should be decided so as to make the contrast complete between the color and the trace and the mask. The markings are clearly defined. The muzzle or mask, ears, moles on cheeks, thumb mark or diamond on forehead, and the back trace should be as black as possible. The mask should be black. The more intense and well defined it is, the better. The trace is a black line extending from the occiput to the tail.

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

Viewed from the front, the forelegs should be carried well forward, showing no weakness in the pasterns, the paws landing squarely with the central toes straight ahead. The rear action should be strong and free through hocks and stifles, with no twisting or turning in or out at the joints. The hind legs should follow in line with the front. There is a slight natural convergence of the limbs both fore and aft. A slight roll of the hindquarters typifies the gait which should be free, self-assured, and jaunty.

ลักษณะนิสัย (Temperament)

This is an even-tempered breed, exhibiting stability, playfulness, great charm, dignity, and an outgoing, loving disposition.

กลุ่มทอย (Toy Group)
มาตรฐานของพันธุ์ (Breed Standard)
พันธุ์ ปอมเมอราเนียน (Pomeranian)

ลักษณะโดยทั่วไป (General Appearance)

The Pomeranian is a compact, short-backed, active toy dog. He has a soft, dense undercoat with a profuse harsh-textured outer coat. His heavily plumed tail is set high and lies flat on his back. He is alert in character, exhibits intelligence in expression, is buoyant in deportment, and is inquisitive by nature. The Pomeranian is cocky, commanding, and animated as he gaits. He is sound in composition and action.

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ (Size, Proportion, Substance)

The average weight of the Pomeranian is from 3 to 7 pounds, with the ideal weight for the show specimen being 4 to 6 pounds. Any dog over or under the limits is objectionable. However, overall quality is to be favored over size. The distance from the point of shoulder to the point of buttocks is slightly shorter than from the highest point of the withers to the ground. the distance from the brisket to the ground is half the height at the withers. He is medium-boned, and the length of his legs is in proportion to a well-balanced frame. When examined, he feels sturdy.

หัว (Head)

The head is in balance with the body. The muzzle is rather short, straight, fine, free of lippiness and never snipey. His expression is alert and may be referred to as fox-like. The skull is closed. The top of the skull is slightly rounded, but not domed. When viewed from the front and side, one sees small ears which are mounted high and carried erect. To form a wedge, visualize a line from the tip of the nose ascending through the center of the eyes and the tip of the ears. The eyes are dark, bright, medium in size and almond-shaped. They are set well into the skull on either side of a well-pronounced stop. The pigmentation is black on the nose and eye rims except self-colored in brown, beaver, and blue dogs. The teeth meet in a scissors bite. One tooth out of alignment is acceptable. Major Faults: Round, domed skull; under-shot mouth; overshot mouth.

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

The neck is short with its base set well into the shoulders to allow the head to be carried high. The back is short with a level topline. The body is compact and well-ribbed with brisket reaching the elbow. The plumed tail is one of the characteristics of the breed, and lies flat and straight on the back.

ส่วนหน้า (Forequarters)

The Pomeranian has sufficient layback of shoulders to carry the neck and head proud and high. The shoulders and legs are moderately muscled. The length of the shoulder blade and upper arm are equal. The forelegs are straight and parallel to each other. Height from elbows to withers approximately equals height from ground to elbow. The pasterns are straight and strong. The feet are well-arched, compact, and turn neither in nor out. He stands well up on his toes. Dewclaws may be removed. Major Faults: Down in pasterns.

ส่วนหลัง (Hindquarters)

The angulation of the hindquarters balances that of the forequarters. The buttocks are well behind the set of the tail. The thighs are moderately muscled with stifles that are moderately bent and clearly defined. The hocks are perpendicular to the ground and the legs are straight and parallel to each other. The feet are well-arched, compact, and turn neither in nor out. He stands well up on his toes. Dewclaws, if any on the hind legs may be removed. Major Faults: Cowhocks or lack of soundness in hind legs or stifles.

ขน (Coat)

A Pomeranian is noted for its double coat. The undercoat is soft and dense. The outer-coat is long, straight, glistening and harsh in texture. A thick undercoat will hold up and permit the guard hair to stand off from the Pomeranian’s body. The coat is abundant from the neck and fore part of shoulders and chest, forming a frill which extends over the shoulders and chest. The head and leg coat is tightly packed and shorter in length than that of the body. The forequarters are well-feathered to the hock. The tail is profusely covered with long, harsh, spreading straight hair. Trimming for neatness and a clean outline is permissible. Major Faults: Soft, flat or open coat.

สี (Color)

All colors, patterns, and variations there-of are allowed and must be judged on an equal basis. Patterns: Black and Tan – tan or rust sharply defined, appearing above each eye and on muzzle, throat, and forechest, on all legs and feet and below the tail. The richer the tan the more desirable; Brindle – the base color is gold, red, or orange-brindled with strong black cross stripes; Parti-color – is white with any other color distributed in patches with a white blaze preferred on the head. Classifications: The Open Classes at specialty shows may be divided by color as follows: Open Red, Orange, Cream, and Sable; Open Black, Brown, and Blue; Open Any Other Color, Pattern, or Variation.

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

The Pomeranian’s gait is smooth, free, balanced and vigorous. He has good reach in his forequarters and strong drive with his hindquarters. Each rear leg moves in line with the foreleg on the same side. To achieve balance, his legs converge slightly inward toward a center line beneath his body. The rear and front legs are thrown neither in nor out. The topline remains level, and his overall balance and outline are maintained.

ลักษณะนิสัย (Temperament)

The Pomeranian is an extrovert, exhibiting great intelligence and a vivacious spirit, making him a great companion dog as well as a competitive show dog.

EVEN THOUGH A TOY DOG, THE POMERANIAN MUST BE SUBJECT TO THE SAME REQUIREMENTS OF SOUNDNESS AND STRUCTURE PRESCRIBED FOR ALL BREEDS, AND ANY DEVIATION FROM THE IDEAL DESCRIBED IN THE STANDARD SHOULD BE PENALIZED TO THE EXTENT OF THE DEVIATION.

ลักษณะโดยทั่วไป (General Appearance)

The Pekingese is a well-balanced, compact dog with heavy front and lighter hindquarters. It must suggest its Chinese origin in its directness, independence, individuality and expression. Its image is lionlike. It should imply courage, boldness and self-esteem rather than prettiness, daintiness or delicacy.

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ (Size, Proportion, Substance)

Size/Substance The Pekingese should be surprisingly heavy when lifted. It has a stocky, muscular body. The bone of the forequarters must be very heavy in relation to the size of the dog. All weights are correct within the limit of 14 pounds, provided that type and points are not sacrificed. Disqualification: weight over 14 pounds. Proportion The length of the body, from the front of the breast bone in a straight line to the buttocks, is slightly greater than the height at the withers. Overall balance is of utmost importance.

หัว (Head)

Skull The topskull is massive, broad and flat (not dome-shaped). The topskull, the high, wide cheek bones, broad lower jaw and wide chin are the structural formation of the correctly shaped face. When viewed frontally, the skull is wider than deep and contributes to the rectangular envelope-shaped appearance of the head. In profile, the Pekingese face must be flat. The chin, nose leather and brow all lie in one plane. In the natural position of the head, this plane appears vertical but slants very slightly backward from chin to forehead. Nose It is black, broad, very short and in profile, contributes to the flat appearance of the face. Nostrils are open. The nose is positioned between the eyes so that a line drawn horizontally across the top of the nose intersects the center of the eyes. Eyes They are large, very dark, round, lustrous and set wide apart. The look is bold, not bulging. The eye rims are black and the white of the eye does not show when the dog is looking straight ahead. Wrinkle It effectively separates the upper and lower areas of the face. The appearance is of a hair covered fold of skin, extending from one cheek, over the bridge of the nose in a wide inverted “V”, to the other cheek. It is NEVER so prominent or heavy as to crowd the facial features nor to obscure a large portion of the eyes or the nose from view. Stop It is deep. The bridge of the nose is completely obscured from view by hair and/or the over-nose wrinkle. Muzzle This is very short and broad with high, wide cheek bones. The color of the skin is black. Whiskers add to the Oriental expression.Mouth The lower jaw is slightly undershot. The lips meet on a level plane and neither teeth nor tongue show when the mouth is closed. The lower jaw is strong, wide, firm and straight across at the chin. An excessively strong chin is as undesirable as a weak one.Ears They are heart-shaped and set on the front corners of the skull extending the line of the topskull. Correctly placed ears frame the sides of the face and with their heavy feathering create an illusion of additional width of the head.Pigment The skin of the nose, lips and eye rims is black on all colors.

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

Neck It is very short, thick and set back into the shoulder. Body This is pear-shaped and compact. It is heavy in front with well-sprung ribs slung between the forelegs. The broad chest, with little or no protruding breast bone, tapers to lighter loins with a distinct waist. The topline is level. Tail The base is set high; the remainder is carried well over the center of the back. Long, profuse straight feathering may fall to either side.

ส่วนหน้า (Forequarters)

They are short, thick and heavy-boned. The bones of the forelegs are slightly bowed between the pastern and elbow. Shoulders are gently laid back and fit smoothly into the body. The elbows are always close to the body. Front feet are large, flat and turned slightly out. The dog must stand well up on feet.

ส่วนหลัง (Hindquarters)

They are lighter in bone than the forequarters. There is moderate angulation and definition of stifle and hock. When viewed from behind, the rear legs are reasonably close and parallel and the feet point straight ahead. Soundness is essential in both forequarters and hindquarters.

ขน (Coat)

Body Coat It is full-bodied, with long, coarse textured, straight, stand-off coat and thick, softer undercoat. The coat forms a noticeable mane on the neck and shoulder area with the coat on the remainder of the body somewhat shorter in length. A long and profuse coat is desirable providing that it does not obscure the shapeliness of the body, nor sacrifice the correct coat texture. Feathering Long feathering is found on the back of the thighs and forelegs, and on the ears, tail and toes. The feathering is left on the toes but should not be so long as to prevent free movement.

สี (Color)

All coat colors and markings, including parti-colors, are allowable and of equal merit.

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

The gait is unhurried and dignified, with a slight roll over the shoulders. The rolling gait is caused by the bowed front legs and heavier, wider forequarters pivoting on the tapered waist and the lighter, straight parallel hindquarters. The rolling motion is smooth and effortless and is as free as possible from bouncing, prancing or jarring.

ลักษณะนิสัย (Temperament)

A combination of regal dignity, self-importance, self-confidence and exasperating stubbornness make for a good natured, lively and affectionate companion to those who have earned its respect.
The foregoing is a description of the ideal Pekingese. Any deviation should be penalized in direct proportion to the extent of that deviation.

FAULTS TO BE NOTED:

DUDLEY, LIVER OR GRAY NOSE.
LIGHT BROWN, YELLOW OR BLUE EYES.
PROTRUDING TONGUE OR TEETH.
OVERSHOT UPPER JAW.
WRY MOUTH.
EARS SET MUCH TOO HIGH, LOW OR FAR BACK.
ROACH OR SWAYBACK.
STRAIGHT-BONED FORELEGS.

POINTS:

Expression 5
Nose 5
Stop 5
Muzzle 5
Legs and Feet 15
Tail 5
Skull 10
Eyes 5
Ears 5
Shape of Body 20
Coat, Feather & Condition 10
Action. 10
Total 100

Disqualification:
weight over 14 pounds.

กลุ่มทอย (Toy Group)
มาตรฐานของพันธุ์ (Breed Standard)
พันธุ์ ปาปิลลอน (Papillon)

ลักษณะโดยทั่วไป (General Appearance)

The Papillon is a small, friendly, elegant toy dog of fine-boned structure, light, dainty and of lively action; distinguished from other breeds by its beautiful butterfly-like ears.

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ (Size, Proportion, Substance)

Size Height at withers, 8 to 11 inches. Fault-Over 11 inches. Disqualification Over 12 inches. Proportion Body must be slightly longer than the height at withers. It is not a cobby dog. Weight is in proportion to height. Substance Of fine-boned structure.

หัว (Head)

Eyes dark, round, not bulging, of medium size and alert in expression. The inner corners of the eyes are on line with the stop. Eye rims black. Ears The ears of either the erect or drop type should be large with rounded tips, and set on the sides and toward the back of the head. (1) Ears of the erect type are carried obliquely and move like the spread wings of a butterfly. When alert, each ear forms an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the head. The leather should be of sufficient strength to maintain the erect position. (2) Ears of the drop type, known as the Phalene, are similar to the erect type, but are carried drooping and must be completely down. Faults-Ears small, pointed, set too high; one ear up, or ears partly down. Skull The head is small. The skull is of medium width and slightly rounded between the ears. A well-defined stop is formed where the muzzle joins the skull. Muzzle The muzzle is fine, abruptly thinner than the head, tapering to the nose. The length of the muzzle from the tip of the nose to stop is approximately one-third the length of the head from tip of nose to occiput. Nose black, small, rounded and slightly flat on top. The following fault shall be severely penalized-Nose not black. Lips tight, thin and black. Tongue must not be visible when jaws are closed. Bite Teeth must meet in a scissors bite. Faults-Overshot or undershot.

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

Neck of medium length. Topline The backline is straight and level. Body The chest is of medium depth with ribs well sprung. The belly is tucked up. Tail long, set high and carried well arched over the body. The tail is covered with a long, flowing plume. The plume may hang to either side of the body. Faults-Low-set tail; one not arched over the back, or too short.

ส่วนหน้า (Forequarters)

Shoulders well developed and laid back to allow freedom of movement. Forelegs slender, fine-boned and must be straight. Removal of dewclaws on forelegs optional. Front feet thin and elongated (hare-like), pointing neither in nor out.

ส่วนหลัง (Hindquarters)

Well developed and well angulated. The hind legs are slender, fine-boned, and parallel when viewed from behind. Hocks inclined neither in nor out. Dewclaws, if any, must be removed from hind legs. Hind feet thin and elongated (hare-like), pointing neither in nor out.

ขน (Coat)

Abundant, long, fine, silky, flowing, straight with resilient quality, flat on back and sides of body. A profuse frill on chest. There is no undercoat. Hair short and close on skull, muzzle, front of forelegs, and from hind feet to hocks. Ears well fringed, with the inside covered with silken hair of medium length. Backs of the forelegs are covered with feathers diminishing to the pasterns. Hind legs are covered to the hocks with abundant breeches (culottes). Tail is covered with a long, flowing plume. Hair on feet is short, but fine tufts may appear over toes and grow beyond them, forming a point.

สี (Color)

Always parti-color or white with patches of any color(s). On the head, color(s) other than white must cover both ears, back and front, and extend without interruption from the ears over both eyes. A clearly defined white blaze and noseband are preferred to a solidly marked head. Symmetry of facial markings is desirable. The size, shape, placement, and presence or absence of patches of color on the body are without importance. Among the colors there is no preference, provided nose, eye rims and lips are well pigmented black. The following faults shall be severely penalized-Color other than white not covering both ears, back and front, or not extending from the ears over both eyes. A slight extension of the white collar onto the base of the ears, or a few white hairs interspersed among the color, shall not be penalized, provided the butterfly appearance is not sacrificed. Disqualifications An all white dog or a dog with no white.

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

Free, quick, easy, graceful, not paddlefooted, or stiff in hip movements.

ลักษณะนิสัย (Temperament)

Happy, alert and friendly. Neither shy nor aggressive.

DISQUALIFICATIONS:
Height over 12 inches.
An all white dog or a dog with no white.

ลักษณะโดยทั่วไป (General Appearance)

The Miniature Pinscher is structurally a well balanced, sturdy, compact, short-coupled, smooth-coated dog. He naturally is well groomed, proud, vigorous and alert. Characteristic traits are his hackney-like action, fearless animation, complete self-possession, and his spirited presence.

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ (Size, Proportion, Substance)

Size -10 inches to 12½ inches in height allowed, with desired height 11 inches to 11½ inches measured at highest point of the shoulder blades. Disqualification -Under 10 inches or over 12? inches in height. Length of males equals height at withers. Females may be slightly longer.

หัว (Head)

In correct proportion to the body. Tapering, narrow with well fitted but not too prominent foreface which balances with the skull. No indication of coarseness. Eyes full, slightly oval, clear, bright and dark even to a true black, including eye rims, with the exception of chocolates, whose eye rims should be self-colored. Ears set high, standing erect from base to tip. May be cropped or uncropped. Skull appears flat, tapering forward toward the muzzle. Muzzle strong rather than fine and delicate, and in proportion to the head as a whole. Head well balanced with only a slight drop to the muzzle, which is parallel to the top of the skull. Nose black only, with the exception of chocolates which should have a self-colored nose. Lips and Cheeks small, taut and closely adherent to each other. Teeth meet in a scissors bite.

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

Neck proportioned to head and body, slightly arched, gracefully curved, blending into shoulders, muscular and free from suggestion of dewlap or throatiness. Topline -Back level or slightly sloping toward the rear both when standing and gaiting. Body compact, slightly wedge-shaped, muscular. Forechest well developed. Well-sprung ribs . Depth of brisket, the base line of which is level with points of the elbows. Belly moderately tucked up to denote grace of structural form. Short and strong in loin . Croup level with topline. Tail set high, held erect, docked in proportion to size of dog.

ส่วนหน้า (Forequarters)

Shoulders clean and sloping with moderate angulation coordinated to permit the hackney-like action. Elbows close to the body. Legs -Strong bone development and small clean joints. As viewed from the front, straight and upstanding. Pasterns strong, perpendicular. Dewclaws should be removed. Feet small, catlike, toes strong, well arched and closely knit with deep pads. Nails thick, blunt.

ส่วนหลัง (Hindquarters)

Well muscled quarters set wide enough apart to fit into a properly balanced body. As viewed from the rear, the legs are straight and parallel. From the side, well angulated. Thighs well muscled. Stifles well defined. Hocks short, set well apart. Dewclaws should be removed. Feet small, catlike, toes strong, well arched and closely knit with deep pads. Nails thick, blunt.

ขน (Coat)

Smooth, hard and short, straight and lustrous, closely adhering to and uniformly covering the body.

สี (Color)

Solid clear red. Stag red (red with intermingling of black hairs). Black with sharply defined rust-red markings on cheeks, lips, lower jaw, throat, twin spots above eyes and chest, lower half of forelegs, inside of hind legs and vent region, lower portion of hocks and feet. Black pencil stripes on toes. Chocolate with rust-red markings the same as specified for blacks, except brown pencil stripes on toes. In the solid red and stag red a rich vibrant medium to dark shade is preferred. Disqualifications -Any color other than listed. Thumb mark (patch of black hair surrounded by rust on the front of the foreleg between the foot and the wrist; on chocolates, the patch is chocolate hair). White on any part of dog which exceeds one-half inch in its longest dimension.

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

The forelegs and hind legs move parallel, with feet turning neither in nor out. The hackney-like action is a high-stepping, reaching, free and easy gait in which the front leg moves straight forward and in front of the body and the foot bends at the wrist. The dog drives smoothly and strongly from the rear. The head and tail are carried high.

ลักษณะนิสัย (Temperament)

Fearless animation, complete self-possession, and spirited presence.

DISQUALIFICATIONS:
Under 10 inches or over 121/2 inches in height.
Any color other than listed. Thumb mark (patch of black hair surrounded by rust on the front of the foreleg between the foot and the wrist; on chocolates, the patch is chocolate hair). White on any part of dog which exceeds one-half (1/2) inch in its longest dimension.

กลุ่มทอย (Toy Group)
มาตรฐานของพันธุ์ (Breed Standard)
พันธุ์ มอลทีส (Maltese)

ลักษณะโดยทั่วไป (General Appearance)

The Maltese is a toy dog covered from head to foot with a mantle of long, silky, white hair. He is gentle-mannered and affectionate, eager and sprightly in action, and, despite his size, possessed of the vigor needed for the satisfactory companion.

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ (Size, Proportion, Substance)

Weight under 7 pounds, with from 4 to 6 pounds preferred. Overall quality is to be favored over size.

หัว (Head)

Of medium length and in proportion to the size of the dog. The skull is slightly rounded on top, the stop moderate. The drop ears are rather low set and heavily feathered with long hair that hangs close to the head. Eyes are set not too far apart; they are very dark and round, their black rims enhancing the gentle yet alert expression. The muzzle is of medium length, fine and tapered but not snipy.The nose is black. The teeth meet in an even, edge-to-edge bite, or in a scissors bite.

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

Neck Sufficient length of neck is desirable as promoting a high carriage of the head. Body Compact, the height from the withers to the ground equaling the length from the withers to the root of the tail. Shoulder blades are sloping, the elbows well knit and held close to the body. The back is level in topline, the ribs well sprung. The chest is fairly deep, the loins taut, strong, and just slightly tucked up underneath. Tail A long-haired plume carried gracefully over the back, its tip lying to the side over the quarter

ขาและเท้า (Legs and Feet)

Legs are fine-boned and nicely feathered. Forelegs are straight, their pastern joints well knit and devoid of appreciable bend. Hind legs are strong and moderately angulated at stifles and hocks. The feet are small and round, with toe pads black. Scraggly hairs on the feet may be trimmed to give a neater appearance.

ขนและสี (Coat and Color )

The coat is single, that is, without undercoat. It hangs long, flat, and silky over the sides of the body almost, if not quite, to the ground. The long head-hair may be tied up in a topknot or it may be left hanging. Any suggestion of kinkiness, curliness, or woolly texture is objectionable. Color, pure white. Light tan or lemon on the ears is permissible, but not desirable.

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

The Maltese moves with a jaunty, smooth, flowing gait. Viewed from the side, he gives an impression of rapid movement, size considered. In the stride, the forelegs reach straight and free from the shoulders, with elbows close. Hind legs to move in a straight line. Cowhocks or any suggestion of hind leg toeing in or out are faults.

ลักษณะนิสัย (Temperament)

For all his diminutive size, the Maltese seems to be without fear. His trust and affectionate responsiveness are very appealing. He is among the gentlest mannered of all little dogs, yet he is lively and playful as well as vigorous.

ลักษณะโดยทั่วไป (General Appearance)

The Japanese Chin is a small, well balanced, lively, aristocratic toy dog with a distinctive Oriental expression. It is light and stylish in action. The plumed tail is carried over the back, curving to either side. The coat is profuse, silky, soft and straight. The dog’s outline presents a square appearance.

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ (Size, Proportion, Substance)

Size Ideal size is 8 inches to 11 inches at the highest point of the withers. Proportion Length between the sternum and the buttock is equal to the height at the withers. Substance Solidly built, compact, yet refined. Carrying good weight in proportion to height and body build.

หัว (Head)

Expression bright, inquisitive, alert, and intelligent. The distinctive Oriental expression is characterized by the large broad head, large wide-set eyes, short broad muzzle, ear feathering, and the evenly patterned facial markings. Eyes set wide apart, large, round, dark in color, and lustrous. A small amount of white showing in the inner corners of the eyes is a breed characteristic that gives the dog a look of astonishment. Ears hanging, small, V-shaped, wide apart, set slightly below the crown of the skull. When alert, the ears are carried forward and downward. The ears are well feathered and fit into the rounded contour of the head. Skull large, broad, slightly rounded between the ears but not domed. Forehead is prominent, rounding toward the nose. Wide across the level of the eyes. In profile, the forehead and muzzle touch on the same vertical plane of a right angle whose horizontal plane is the top of the skull. Stop deep. Muzzle short and broad with well-cushioned cheeks and rounded upper lips that cover the teeth. Nose very short with wide, open nostrils. Set on a level with the middle of the eyes and upturned. Nose leather is black in the black and white and the black and white with tan points, and is self-colored or black in the red and white. Bite The jaw is wide and slightly undershot. A dog with one or two missing or slightly misaligned teeth should not be severely penalized. The Japanese Chin is very sensitive to oral examination. If the dog displays any hesitancy, judges are asked to defer to the handler for presentation of the bite.

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

Neck moderate in length and thickness. Well set on the shoulders enabling the dog to carry its head up proudly. Topline level. Body square, moderately wide in the chest with rounded ribs. Depth of rib extends to the elbow. Tail set on high, carried arched up over the back and flowing to either side of the body.

ส่วนหน้า (Forequarters)

Legs straight, and fine boned, with the elbows set close to the body. Removal of dewclaws is optional. Feet hare-shaped with feathering on the ends of the toes in the mature dog. Point straight ahead or very slightly outward.

ส่วนหลัง (Hindquarters)

Legs straight as viewed from the rear and fine boned. Moderate bend of stifle. Removal of dewclaws is optional. Feet hare-shaped with feathering on the ends of the toes in the mature dog. Point straight ahead.

ขน (Coat)

Abundant, straight, single, and silky. Has a resilient texture and a tendency to stand out from the body, especially on neck, shoulders, and chest areas where the hair forms a thick mane or ruff. The tail is profusely coated and forms a plume. The rump area is heavily coated and forms culottes or pants. The head and muzzle are covered with short hair except for the heavily feathered ears. The forelegs have short hair blending into profuse feathering on the backs of the legs. The rear legs have the previously described culottes, and in mature dogs, light feathering from hock joint to the foot.

สี (Color)

Either black and white, red and white, or black and white with tan points. The term tan points shall include tan or red spots over each eye, inside the ears, on both cheeks, and at the anal vent area if displaying any black. The term red shall include all shades of red, orange, and lemon, and sable, which includes any aforementioned shade intermingled or overlaid with black. Among the allowed colors there shall be no preference when judging. A clearly defined white muzzle and blaze are preferable to a solidly marked head. Symmetry of facial markings is preferable. The size, shape, placement or number of body patches is not of great importance. The white is clear of excessive ticking.

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

Stylish and lively in movement. Moves straight with front and rear legs following in the same plane.

ลักษณะนิสัย (Temperament)

A sensitive and intelligent dog whose only purpose is to serve man as a companion. Responsive and affectionate with those it knows and loves but reserved with strangers or in new situations.

The Italian Greyhound is very similar to the Greyhound, but much smaller and more slender in all proportions and of ideal elegance and grace.

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ (Size, Proportion, Substance)

Size Height at withers, ideally 13 inches to 15 inches.

หัว (Head)

Narrow and long, tapering to nose, with a slight suggestion of stop. Skull Rather long, almost flat. Muzzle Long and fine. Nose Dark. It may be black or brown or in keeping with the color of the dog. A light or partly pigmented nose is a fault. Teeth Scissors bite. A badly undershot or overshot mouth is a fault. Eyes Dark, bright, intelligent, medium in size. Very light eyes are a fault. Ears Small, fine in texture; thrown back and folded except when alerted, then carried folded at right angles to the head. Erect or button ears severely penalized.

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

Long, slender and gracefully arched. Body Of medium length, short coupled; high at withers, back curved and drooping at hindquarters, the highest point of curve at start of loin, creating a definite tuck-up at flanks. Shoulders Long and sloping. Chest Deep and narrow.

ส่วนหน้า (Forequarters)

Long, straight, set well under shoulder; strong pasterns, fine bone.

ส่วนหลัง (Hindquarters)

Long, well-muscled thigh; hind legs parallel when viewed from behind, hocks well let down, well-bent stifle. Feet Harefoot with well-arched toes. Removal of dewclaws optional. Tail Slender and tapering to a curved end, long enough to reach the hock; set low, carried low. Ring tail a serious fault, gay tail a fault.

ขน (Coat)

Skin fine and supple, hair short, glossy like satin and soft to the touch.

สี (Color)

Any color and markings are acceptable except that a dog with brindle markings and a dog with the tan markings normally found on black-and-tan dogs of other breeds must be disqualified.

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

High stepping and free, front and hind legs to move forward in a straight line.

DISQUALIFICATIONS:

A dog with brindle markings. A dog with the tan markings normally found on black-and-tan dogs of other breeds.

ลักษณะโดยทั่วไป (General Appearance)

The Havanese is a sturdy, short-legged small dog with a soft profuse, untrimmed coat. His plumed tail is carried curled over his back. He is an affectionate, happy dog with a lively, springy gait.

ขนาด สัดส่วน ลักษณะที่สำคัญ (Size, Proportion, Substance)

The height ranges from 8½ to 11½ inches, the ideal being 9 to 10½ inches. The weight ranges from 7 to 13 pounds, the ideal being 8 to 11 pounds. Any dog whose weight deviates greatly from the stated range is a major fault. Any dog measuring under 8? or over 11½ inches is a disqualification. The body from the chest to the buttocks is longer than the height at the shoulders and should not appear to be square. Forelegs and hindlegs are relatively short, but with sufficient length to set the dog up so as not to be too close to the ground. The Havanese is a sturdy dog, and while a small breed, is neither fragile nor overdone.

หัว (Head)

Medium length proportionate to the size of the body. Eyes are large, almond shaped and very dark with a gentle expression. In the blue and silver coat shades, eyes may be a slightly lighter color; in chocolate coat shades, the eyes may be a lighter color. However, the darker eye is preferred. Eye rims are black for all colors except chocolate shaded coats, whose eye rims are self-colored. Small or round eyes; broken or insufficient pigment on the eye rim(s) are faults. Wild, bulging or protruding eyes a major fault. Total absence of pigment on one or both eye rims is a disqualification. Ears are set neither too high nor too low and are dropped, forming a gentle fold and covered with long feathering. They are slightly raised, moderately pointed, neither fly-away nor framing the cheeks. Skull is broad and somewhat rounded with a moderate stop. The cheeks are flat and the lips clean. The length of the muzzle is equal to the distance to the stop to the back of the occiput. The muzzle is neither snipey nor blunt. Nose and lips are solid black on all colors except the true chocolate dog, whose nose and lips are solid, self-colored brown. Dudley nose, nose and lips other than black, except the solid, self-colored brown on the true chocolate dog are disqualifications. Scissors bite preferred; a level bite is permissible. Full dentition of incisors preferred for both upper and lower jaws. Crooked or missing teeth are faults. Overshot or undershot bite, wry mouth are major faults.

คอ เส้นด้านบนและลำตัว (Neck, Topline, Body)

Neck of moderate length, neither too long nor too short. Topline is straight with a very slight rise over the croup. Flanks are well raised. Ribs well rounded. Tail is set high, carried curled over the back and plumed with long silky hair. While standing, a dropped tail is permissible.

ส่วนหน้า (Forequarters)

Forelegs are well boned and straight, the length from the elbow to the withers equal to the distance from the foot to the elbow. Dewclaws may be removed. Feet are compact, well arched, well padded. Any foot turning in or out is a fault.

ส่วนหลัง (Hindquarters)

Legs are relatively short, well boned and muscular with moderate angulation; straight when viewed from the rear. Dewclaws may be removed. Feet are same as front feet. Fault is same as the front feet.

ขน (Coat)

The Havanese is a double-coated breed with soft hair, both in outer and undercoat. The hair is very long and profuse, shown completely natural. The coat type ranges from straight to curly, the wavy coat being preferred. The curly coat is allowed to cord. The adult coat reaches a length of 6 to 8 inches. No preference shall be given to a dog with an excessively profuse or long coat. Short hair on all but puppies is a fault. It is permissible to braid the hair on each side of the head above the eyes, but the coat may not be parted down the middle of the back. No scissoring of the hair on the top of the head is allowed, nor trimming or neatening of the coat of any kind permitted except for the feet which may be neatened to avoid the appearance of “boat” or “slipper” feet. Coat trimmed in any way except for neatening at the feet is a disqualification. All colors, ranging from pure white to shades of cream, champagne, gold, black, blue, silver, chocolate or any combination of these colors including parti and tri. No preference is given to one color over another.

ท่าเดิน (Gait)

The gait is unique and “springy” which accentuates the happy character of the Havanese. The forelegs reach straight and forward freely from the shoulder with the hind legs converging toward a straight line. The tail is carried up over the back when gaiting. Hackney gait, paddling, moving too close in the rear, and tail not carried over the back when gaiting are faults.

ลักษณะนิสัย (Temperament)

Affectionate, happy.